Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: The Fine Print That Bled the State

By
Vivek Bhavsar
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15
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X: @vivekbhavsar

Part IX – The Terms That Doomed Us

Before the first rupee was borrowed, Maharashtra was already set up to lose. The official Summary of Terms & Conditions of External Agencies (Annexure B) shows how foreign loans carry clauses that look harmless on paper but bleed the state over decades.

1. The Interest Game

  • World Bank (IBRD) loans: pegged to 6-Month USD LIBOR/SOFR + spread + premium. This means every fluctuation in global markets inflates costs for Maharashtra.
  • Asian Development Bank (ADB): same floating rates, making the state hostage to international currency swings.
  • By contrast, Indian banks or NABARD loans come at fixed and predictable rates.

2. The Grace Period Mirage

  • Annexure B shows “grace periods” of 4–10 years. These look generous but hide a trap: interest still accrues during grace years.
  • Maharashtra celebrated “no repayment for 5 years” but quietly paid crores in interest before even starting principal repayments.

(Source: Annexure B (Summary of Terms & Conditions of External Agencies); project-wise C & E Annexures; RTI replies, Ministry of Finance.)

3. The Commitment Charge Clause

  • Almost every loan agreement carried commitment charges of 0.10–0.25% per annum on undisbursed balance.
  • Example: ADB (0.15%), IBRD (0.25%), AIIB (0.25%), NDB (0.25%).
  • Meaning: even if Maharashtra could not spend the funds, it still had to pay fees just to “keep the loan open.”
  • Over two decades, these drained ₹50+ crore (as we exposed in Part VII).

4. The Consultancy & Service Fee Trap

  • Japan (JICA): charges for consultancy services at 0.01% in addition to interest.
  • IFAD: adds service charges of 0.75% annually, separate from the 1.25% interest rate.
  • These “hidden extras” never appear in government press releases but directly burden the exchequer.

5. The Comparison That Hurts

  • Foreign loans: Interest 1.4–4% (fixed/variable), plus spreads, plus service fees, plus commitment charges, plus currency risk.
  • Indian options (NABARD/PSBs): Interest ~6–7%, fixed, with no hidden charges and no forex risk.
  • Once adjusted for all extras, foreign loans aren’t cheaper — they are costlier by 30–60% over the life of a project.

Are External Loans Really Cheaper?

External loans look “cheap” on paper but add spreads, fees, commitment charges, and decades of forex risk. Domestic INR loans are simpler, predictable—and often cheaper over a project’s life.Why This Matters

Annexure B proves that “cheap global loans” were never cheap. They were written with clauses that ensured the lender never lost — and the borrower state always paid more.

Every hidden fee, every spread, every clause was a slow cut. Together, they turned development finance into a fiscal noose.

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: Hidden Costs Bleeding the State

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: The True Cost of Borrowing

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: Case Studies of Costly Projects

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: The Escalation Over Two Decades

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: Policy Questions & The Way Forward

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: “Climate Project or Cash Drain?”

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: Paying for Nothing

Also Read: Maharashtra’s World Bank Loan Trap: The All-In Cost








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